Intradural or extradural spinal tumors originate from the spinal cord or vertebrae. Intradural tumors are intramedullary, extramedullary, or both [1],[2],[3]. Most primary spinal cord cancers are schwannomas, generated from Schwann cells. Slow-growing, benign tumors can compress the spinal cord and nerve roots. Schwannomas are more common in the lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spine, and frequently detected after the age of 30 years. Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), an immune-mediated neuropathy, causes increasing weakening, sensory impairment, and missing or decreased tendon reflexes [4]. It occurs 0.67–10.3 times per 100,000 people [5]. Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy can be asymmetric, focal, or sensory/motor-dominated. European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society 2010 CID diagnostic criteria are extensively utilized [6],[7]. Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy treatment tries to minimize inflammation, demyelination, and secondary axonal degeneration. Therapies continue until stabilization or maximum improvement [8]. Sensation, strength, and daily life gains indicate treatment efficacy. Infections, systemic disorders, and neurotoxic medications might worsen CIDP symptoms [9]. A 12-week aerobic or resistance exercises program for CIDP patients. The training program targeted specific muscle regions, whereas the aerobic program comprised regular cycling. Both exercise programs improved function and reduced symptoms [10]. Trauma, spinal degeneration, tumor compression, vascular disease, infection, and inflammation can cause spinal cord injury (SCI). Spinal cord injury treatment aims to improve symptoms, function, and long-term remission. Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) framework, physiotherapists can develop effective rehabilitation strategies for patients with neurological conditions by understanding the characteristics and management of spinal cord lesions with CIDP.

The case has been selected conveniently in neurology unit of Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralyzed (CRP). The duration of observation was six months. The cases have been presented partially followed by case report (CARE) guideline and verbal consent has been taken from the patients and caregiver of the patients.

Case summary

Mr. Wahid, then 27 years old, began experiencing paresthesia and slight weakness in his lower limbs in 2013. He had suffered from lower back swelling ever since he was a kid, but he had managed to keep working through it. In 2013, however, he developed significant low back pain that rendered him bedridden; this ultimately led to lumbar spine surgery. The operation was fruitful, and he is now pain-free, mobile, and able to resume walking and cycling. The pain in Mr. Wahid’s lower midback and some moderate edema in his left ankle in 2016 rendered him wheelchair-bound once more. As a result, a second operation was required to remove an intradural-extramedullary spinal space-occupying lesion between lumbar levels L2 and L5. He developed slight bowel and bladder incontinence and was unable to walk following the second operation. Two people helped him to get up on his feet. Mr. Wahid’s symptoms worsened during the next six months, including upper- and lower-limb paresthesia and sleep jerking. Mr. Wahid had a hard time finding appropriate treatment for his symptoms despite the fact that he had no known medical disorders such diabetes, hypertension, thyroid issues, kidney disease, or heart disease. Following visits to the Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh and the Christian Medical College in India, among others, he was referred to physiotherapy specialists for further care and rehabilitation. In 2018, Mr. Wahid’s condition started to improve after 15 days of physiotherapy at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. His rehabilitation showed promise and provided hope for more progress in the future, despite his ongoing reduced lower limb sensation, weakness in both legs, poor standing balance, urinary concerns, coordination challenges, and difficulty managing his stride.

Assessment

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) requires understanding disability state to improve a person’s quality of life [11]. Managing a person with any type of disability is multi-dimensional and comprehensive. The patient complained of significant weakness in both lower limbs and moderate weakness in the upper limb, modest upper limb pain, inability to stand, bladder problems, walking, and difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs). His elbow pain, severe pelvic control, trunk control, wrist, and lower limb weakness with foot drop and moderate muscular wasting in tibialis anterior and surrounding the foot, gait irregularity, and upper limb fine motor activity were assessed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain was 6 out of 10 and decreased lower limb active range of motion (Hip Flexion 20°, abduction loss, 50° knee flexion present with knee extension full, ankle, foot movement in both lower limbs absent, upper limb range of motion is full). Lower limbs are withering. After two years, he went to physiotherapy. American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) exam was his initial evaluation.

Instrumentation and tools

The American Spinal Injury Association assessed the case. This instrument is valid and reliable for measuring spinal cord injury neurological level and outcome [12]. CRP physiotherapy department neurology unit self-assessment is also included. Personal details included demographic information, history of present complaint, patient complaint, past medical history, medications, investigation, social history, home environment, general observations like consciousness, vision, hearing, edema, drooling, speech, subluxation, local observations like blood pressure, temperature, respiratory function, posture, upper and lower limb function uncompressing tonicity, sensation, and proprioception.

Clinical outcomes for the man with spinal cord lesion and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) were improved with interdisciplinary therapy. The patient underwent a first lumbar spine operation, which initially eased pain and allowed him to walk and ride again after feeling gradual paresthesia and minor weakened in his lower extremities. But by the age of 3 years, he was confined to a wheelchair due to lower midback pain and considerable swelling in his left ankle (Table 1). After undergoing a second procedure, the patient experienced slight incontinence, difficulty walking, and a loss of sensation below the knees (Table 2). Therapeutic exercise, balancing instruction, functional drills, and progressive endurance activities made up the rehabilitation intervention (Table 3).

The patient’s Berg balance score improved greatly from 5 to 23, making him a candidate for discharge (Table 4). When the interdisciplinary team worked together and communicated well, it helped guide clinical decision-making and speed the patient’s recovery (Table 5). This case report serves as a useful resource for future instances of a similar nature, highlighting the significance of evidence-based rehabilitation strategies in the management of spinal cord injury caused by CID-Prelated spine tumors (Figure 1).

As each condition affects symptom management, treatment, rehabilitation, and prognosis, having a spinal cord lesion (SCL) from tumor removal and chronic inflammatory polyneuropathy (CIDP) can be devastating for patients and their families. In a study, spinal cord tumors are abnormal growths of tissue that can compress or invade the spinal cord or its surrounding structures, causing neurological deficits, pain, and disability and surgical removal of the tumor is often the primary treatment option, but it may also cause damage to the spinal cord or its blood supply, resulting in further impairment. The patient made minimal physical development in the first month of physiotherapy. His initial pain, low function, weak endurance, and mobility anxiety hampered physical therapy approaches. In a study, CIDP is a rare autoimmune disorder that causes progressive inflammation and demyelination of the peripheral nerves, leading to weakness, numbness, and sensory loss. Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy can coexist with spinal cord tumors, either as a paraneoplastic syndrome or as an incidental finding. Chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy may also worsen the neurological outcome after spinal cord tumor surgery. The physical therapist’s supportive treatment, persistence, encouragement, and reinforcement of even tiny advances likely reduced functional deterioration and immobility, laying the groundwork for recovery. The physical therapist monitored the patient’s condition and implemented a flexible care plan using knowledge of CIDP and spinal cord damage and literature. Physical therapy is geared toward muscle strengthening, communication, and mobility. It may involve exercises, stretching, massage, electrical stimulation, hydrotherapy, and gait training. Medical therapies reversed the inflammatory process, allowing recuperation. Despite strength and endurance gains, the patient showed slow functional progress.

The development of standardized outcome measures and specific practice guidelines for CIDP with spinal cord lesion could lead to best-practice care for this condition.